OnIslam.net

Civilized societies and developed communities rise as a result of various factors including social cohesion, the availability of natural resources and, of course, the mastering of science.

Since God has created human beings and ordered them to inhabit the earth, mankind has been developing simple tools out of nature to help them satisfy their need to eat, drink, and make shelter in addition to accomplish their goals successfully and efficiently. According to archeological findings, knives made of flint, for instance, were one of the first “technologies” ever developed by humanity.

The ancient Egyptian civilization was the first society which managed to excel in science and technology and, as a result, rose to become the superpower of its time. Some of the first recorded medical breakthroughs were made there such as the first dental bridge, the first brain surgeries, the first operating tools, and the first prosthetic limb replacements.

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Merit Ptah, the first known female physician, and possibly the first named woman in all sciences. She was  the "Chief Physician," a title that stands in for a modern Minister of Health. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) named the impact crater Merit Ptah on planet Venus after her.

Engineering also played a vital role in constructing empire that extended from South Anatolia Mersin, Turkey in the north to Djibouti in the south, and from the Fertile Crescent’s western borders in the east to Libya in the west including the Mediterranean eastern islands. Ancient Egyptians succeeded in constructing the first dam, and invented creative agricultural and production tools.

Advancements in chemistry, astronomy, hydrology, trignometry, and philosophy among other sciences contributed to that ancient civilization along the River Nile. As a result, such pioneering inventions in glassmaking; lunar and sidereal calendars; clocks and sundials timekeeping; cosmetics; mining; and textiles dyeing became possible.