The central value of Islamic art is its abstractionism and the music that is associated with it. Its philosophical underpinnings and the role of the arts are not to express the "seen world," but beyon
Art & Architecture
Riq`a Style of Handwriting: A Quick Rhythm
The Riq`a style of handwriting is one of the “modern” types of handwriting. It was said to have been invented by Mr. Mumtaz Bek Mustafa Effendi, the counselor
Thuluth: Mother of All Calligraphy
This kind of calligraphy is known as the “mother” and origin of all calligraphy. All calligraphers have to master this kind of handwriting, which is the most difficult, followed by the Naskh, whic
The Diwani Script: The Script of Eloquence
This style of handwriting goes back to the Ottoman period. It was labeled the Diwani script because it was used in the Ottoman dawaween (bureaus) and was one of the secrets of the palaces of the sulta
The Persian or Farsi Script
The Persians used to use the Fahlawi script, which originated in the city of Fehla, which lies between Hamdan, Asfahan, and Azerbaijan. When Persia was conquered
The Naskh Script: The Servant of the Qur’an
Some arguably ascribe the Naskh script to `Abdullah Al-Hassan ibn Muqla, the brother of the calligrapher
The Kufi Script: Flexible and Accurate
Many wrongly believe that the Kufi handwriting refers to its origin in Kufa. This is not true; the name refers to the special attention and interest that
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